Medical Emergencies
Bleeding, Burns, and Sprains

In this video, the focus is on how to manage severe bleeding, a critical first aid skill applicable in various emergency situations. The presenter emphasises the urgency of controlling bleeding to prevent the casualty from entering shock, which can lead to unresponsiveness. It is vital to ensure that the airway remains clear, especially if the bleeding involves the mouth or nose, as this could significantly hinder breathing.

The video outlines the step-by-step process for treating severe bleeding. Viewers are advised to wear gloves, if available, to protect both themselves and the casualty from infection. If the wound is covered by clothing, it should be carefully removed or cut away. The presenter instructs on the importance of checking for foreign objects in the wound; if present, these should not be removed as they may be reducing the flow of blood.

In the absence of an object, the video advises applying direct pressure to the wound using fingers or a sterile dressing. Should supplies be limited, the casualty can be asked to apply pressure themselves. The presenter recommends contacting emergency services by calling 999 or 112 and providing details about the bleeding and its severity.

Furthermore, the video discusses how to manage the casualty by helping them lie down to prevent shock, raising their legs (unless they are injured), and ensuring that any bandaging is secure but not excessively tight. It stresses the importance of checking for circulation to ensure that the dressing does not impede blood flow. If blood seeps through the dressing, viewers are instructed not to remove it but to apply an additional dressing on top. Ongoing monitoring of the casualty's level of response while waiting for professional help is also highlighted.

Overall, the video provides clear and actionable guidance on managing severe bleeding effectively, promoting key first aid skills that can make a significant difference in emergencies.

The video provides a clear and concise guide on how to manage a nosebleed effectively. The primary focus is on controlling the bleeding while ensuring the safety and comfort of the individual experiencing the nosebleed.

Initially, viewers are advised to help the person sit down, as lying down can exacerbate the situation. It is important to keep the nose elevated above the heart to assist in controlling the bleeding. The individual should lean forward to prevent blood from draining down the throat, which could potentially block the airway. They are instructed to breathe through their mouth during this process.

To apply the first aid technique, the video highlights the necessity of pinching the soft part of the nose while using a pad to catch any blood. After maintaining this pressure for ten minutes, it's very important to reassess the situation. If the bleeding persists, the pressure should be reapplied for an additional ten minutes.

In cases of severe bleeding, or if the bleeding does not stop after 30 minutes, the video encourages viewers to call for an ambulance. In summary, the key steps to treat a nosebleed include sitting the individual down, leaning them forward, pinching the nose, and seeking professional help if the situation does not improve.

The video focuses on how to effectively treat cuts and grazes, which are common injuries that can typically be managed at home. It begins by distinguishing between the two types of injuries: a cut, which is a complete break in the skin, and a graze, which involves the scraping away of the top layers of skin.

The presenter outlines a straightforward approach to treatment, emphasising the importance of cleaning and drying the wound first. They advise applying pressure to the injury and raising it to help prevent bleeding and reduce the risk of infection. For more serious injuries or concerns about infection, the presenter recommends seeking medical advice.

The video also stresses the importance of wearing gloves during treatment, if available, to ensure hygiene. The steps for managing a cut include asking the casualty to apply pressure to the wound, gently cleaning and drying it, and then applying a sterile dressing. The key steps to remember are to apply pressure, raise the injury, clean and dry the cut, and finally, apply a sterile dressing. This effective method is designed to promote healing and minimise the risk of infection.

The video provides essential first aid training on how to effectively treat burns and scalds, emphasising the importance of prompt action to mitigate injury severity. It begins by explaining the difference between burns, caused by dry heat, and scalds, caused by wet heat. Cooling the burn is highlighted as a critical first step, which should be done as soon as possible to reduce damage to the skin.

The video outlines five signs of a burn or scald, including red skin, swelling, blisters, peeling skin, and white or scorched skin. It advises removing the victim from the heat source to prevent further injury before cooling the affected area with cool running water for at least 10 minutes or until the pain subsides. It explicitly warns against using ice, gels, or creams, as they can exacerbate tissue damage and raise the infection risk.

If the burn is severe—characterised by being larger than the casualty's hand, affecting the face, hands, or feet, or being classified as a deep burn—the video instructs viewers to call emergency services (999 or 112). It recommends gently removing any jewellery or clothing near the burn, unless it is stuck, and covering the cooled burn with cling film or a plastic bag to protect it from infection.

The video also advises against bursting blisters and using ointments or fats for treatment, as these actions can increase infection risks. Lastly, it mentions the necessity of monitoring and treating the casualty for shock if required. The succinct summary concludes with a reminder of the critical steps in treating burns or scalds, reinforcing the importance of immediate and proper first aid care.

In this video, the demonstration focuses on how to properly bandage a sprained ankle, knee, or elbow to provide adequate support and care for the injury. The process begins by ensuring that the affected joint is slightly bent, which is essential for effective support. An ice pack and padding are applied to the injury to help with cooling and support before proceeding with the bandaging.

Using a roller bandage, the instructor shows the correct technique for wrapping the bandage around the injured limb. Starting with the tail of the bandage at the inside of the foot, the bandage is wrapped around one and a half times to secure it. It is very important to bandage from the toes to the knee to ensure that the entire area surrounding the injury is adequately supported. As the bandaging continues, the instructor emphasises the importance of wrapping around the joint before and after the injury site, ensuring the stability of the limb.

Upon reaching the knee, the video advises wrapping the bandage around twice for extra support before pinning it in place. The instructor includes a vital step in the process—checking circulation. This is done by squeezing the toenail and observing the return of colour, which should occur within two seconds upon release. If the colour does not return promptly, it indicates that the bandage is too tight and requires adjustment.

The instructor also reminds viewers to check circulation every 10 minutes as swelling may occur after the initial bandage is applied. In summary, the key steps for bandaging a sprain include applying an ice pack, using padding, wrapping with a roller bandage, checking circulation regularly, and keeping the injured limb elevated.